abstract：:Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an acute, systemic, immune complex-mediated, leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is characterized by a triad of palpable purpura (without thrombocytopenia), abdominal pain, and arthritis. Most patients have an antecedent upper respiratory illness. More than 90 percent of Henoch-Schönlein purpur...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Reamy BV,Williams PM,Lindsay TJ

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite steady increases in U.S. health care spending, the population's self-perceived health status has been in a long-term decline. Increased support for public health, prevention, and primary care could reduce growth in spending and improve actual and perceived health. ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rabin D,Petterson SM,Bazemore AW,Teevan B,Phillips RL Jr,Dodoo MS,Xierali I

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions requires the use of a cast or splint. Splints are noncircumferential immobilizers that accommodate swelling. This quality makes splints ideal for the management of a variety of acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated, such as acute fr...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Boyd AS,Benjamin HJ,Asplund C

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Each year physicians must decide which of the thousands of newly published articles they will take time to read. To determine which articles are the most clinically useful, physicians should assess their relevance, validity, and clinical importance. Using these criteria can drastically decrease the number of articles ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Shaughnessy AF

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to properly apply casts and splints is a technical skill easily mastered with practice and an understanding of basic principles. The initial approach to casting and splinting requires a thorough assessment of the injured extremity for proper diagnosis. Once the need for immobilization is ascertained, casti...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Boyd AS,Benjamin HJ,Asplund C

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delirium is common in hospitalized older patients and may be a symptom of a medical emergency, such as hypoxia or hypoglycemia. It is characterized by an acute change in cognition and attention, although the symptoms may be subtle and usually fluctuate throughout the day. This heterogeneous syndrome requires prompt re...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Miller MO

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Use of performance-enhancing supplements occurs at all levels of sports, from professional athletes to junior high school students. Although some supplements do enhance athletic performance, many have no proven benefits and have serious adverse effects. Anabolic steroids and ephedrine have life-threatening adverse eff...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Jenkinson DM,Harbert AJ

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin laceration repair is an important skill in family medicine. Sutures, tissue adhesives, staples, and skin-closure tapes are options in the outpatient setting. Physicians should be familiar with various suturing techniques, including simple, running, and half-buried mattress (corner) sutures. Although suturing is t...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Forsch RT

更新日期：2008-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Atypical moles can be distinguished visually by clinical features of size greater than 6 mm in diameter, color variegation, indistinct borders, and textured surface. All patients who have atypical moles should be counselled about sun avoidance, screening of family members, and regular skin checks at least once per yea...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Cyr PR

更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematuria, symptomatic and incidental, that involves more than three red blood cells per high-power field on two of three properly collected urinalysis specimens warrants some type of imaging to evaluate the upper tracts. Traditionally, excretory urography or the intravenous pyelogram has been the mainstay of the hema...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Choyke PL

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kernicterus and neurologic sequelae caused by severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are preventable conditions. A structured and practical approach to the identification and care of infants with jaundice can facilitate prevention, thus decreasing rates of morbidity and mortality. Primary prevention includes ensuring adeq...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Moerschel SK,Cianciaruso LB,Tracy LR

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Every year in the United States, at least 250,000 deaths are attributed to lack of physical activity. Because of the health benefits of physical activity, national guidelines recommend participation in 30 minutes of accumulated moderate-intensity physical activity such as walking fast on five or more days of the week....

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Meriwether RA,Lee JA,Lafleur AS,Wiseman P

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Many patients in primary care present with ear pain (otalgia). When the ear is the source of the pain (primary otalgia), the ear examination is usually abnormal. When the ear is not the source of the pain (secondary otalgia), the ear examination is typically normal. The cause of primary otalgia is usually apparent on ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Ely JW,Hansen MR,Clark EC

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peritonsillar abscess remains the most common deep infection of the head and neck. The condition occurs primarily in young adults, most often during November to December and April to May, coinciding with the highest incidence of streptococcal pharyngitis and exudative tonsillitis. A peritonsillar abscess is a polymicr...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Galioto NJ

更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The differential diagnosis of eyelid erythema and edema is broad, ranging from benign, self-limiting dermatoses to malignant tumors and vision-threatening infections. A definitive diagnosis usually can be made on physical examination of the eyelid and a careful evaluation of symptoms and exposures. The finding of a sw...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Papier A,Tuttle DJ,Mahar TJ

更新日期：2007-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive and permanent destruction of the pancreas resulting in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and, often, chronic disabling pain. The etiology is multifactorial. Alcoholism plays a significant role in adults, whereas genetic and structural defects predominate in children. The aver...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Nair RJ,Lawler L,Miller MR

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methamphetamine is a stimulant commonly abused in many parts of the United States. Most methamphetamine users are white men 18 to 25 years of age, but the highest usage rates have been found in native Hawaiians, persons of more than one race, Native Americans, and men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine use produce...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Winslow BT,Voorhees KI,Pehl KA

更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Use of complementary and alternative medicine has increased over the past decade. A variety of studies have suggested that this use is greater in persons with symptoms or diagnoses of anxiety and depression. Data support the effectiveness of some popular herbal remedies and dietary supplements; in some of these produc...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Saeed SA,Bloch RM,Antonacci DJ

更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 enzymes are essential for the metabolism of many medications. Although this class has more than 50 enzymes, six of them metabolize 90 percent of drugs, with the two most significant enzymes being CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Genetic variability (polymorphism) in these enzymes may influence a patient's response t...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lynch T,Price A

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Home monitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure levels can provide patients and physicians with valuable information in the management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Home monitoring allows patients to play an active role in their care and may improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. Glucose meter...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Taylor JR,Campbell KM

更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the more commonly used herbal supplements. Although often consumed for culinary purposes, it is taken by many patients to treat a variety of conditions. Ginger has been shown to be effective for pregnancy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting. There is less evidence to su...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： White B

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital hearing loss is estimated to affect one in every 1,000 newborns. Causes of hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, mixed, or central. Known risk factors for congenital hearing loss include cytomegalovirus infection and premature birth necessitating a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. However,...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wrightson AS

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Postpartum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of births and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Although risk factors and preventive strategies are dearly documented, not all cases are expected or avoidable. Uterine atony is responsibl...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Anderson JM,Etches D

更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Common superficial oral lesions include candidiasis, recurrent herpes labialis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, erythema migrans, hairy tongue, and lichen planus. Recognition and diagnosis require taking a thorough history and performing a complete oral examination. Knowledge of clinical characteristics such as size, l...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Gonsalves WC,Chi AC,Neville BW

更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause significant disability and decreased quality of life. The cardinal physical signs of the disease are distal resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and asymmetric onset. Levodopa is the primary treatment for Parkinson's disease; however, its lon...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Rao SS,Hofmann LA,Shakil A

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute ankle injury, a common musculoskeletal injury, can cause ankle sprains. Some evidence suggests that previous injuries or limited joint flexibility may contribute to ankle sprains. The initial assessment of an acute ankle injury should include questions about the timing and mechanism of the injury. The Ottawa Ank...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Ivins D

更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with seasonal affective disorder have episodes of major depression that tend to recur during specific times of the year, usually in winter. Like major depression, seasonal affective disorder probably is underdiagnosed in primary care settings. Although several screening instruments are available, such screeni...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Lurie SJ,Gawinski B,Pierce D,Rousseau SJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injuries to the head and neck are common in sports. Sideline physicians must be attentive and prepared with an organized approach to detect and manage these injuries. Because head and neck injuries often occur simultaneously, the sideline physician can combine the head and neck evaluations. When assessing a conscious ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Whiteside JW

更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of childhood that predominantly affects the coronary arteries. The etiology of Kawasaki disease remains unknown, although an infectious agent is strongly suspected based on clinical and epidemiologic features. A genetic predisposition is also likely, based on varying incidences ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Freeman AF,Shulman ST

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major complications of cirrhosis include ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and hepatorenal syndrome. Diagnostic studies on ascitic fluid should include a differential leukocyte count, total protein level, a serum-ascites albumin gradient, and fl...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Heidelbaugh JJ,Sherbondy M

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious bacterium known to cause pertussis (whooping cough) and is transmitted via airborne droplets. Although childhood vaccination has dramatically reduced reported pertussis cases, the incidence of the disease has increased over the past 20 years, most notably in previously immun...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Gregory DS

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent innovations in medical technology have changed newborn screening programs in the United States. The widespread use of tandem mass spectrometry is helping to identify more inborn errors of metabolism. Primary care physicians often are the first to be contacted by state and reference laboratories when neonatal sc...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Raghuveer TS,Garg U,Graf WD

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible. Etiologies of microscopic hematuria range from incidental causes to life-threatening urinary tract neoplasm. The lack of evidence-based imaging guideli...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： McDonald MM,Swagerty D,Wetzel L

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Worry is a normal response to uncertainty. Education, empathetic support, reassurance, and passage of time usually ameliorate ordinary worries. However, these common-sense strategies for dealing with transient worries often prove ineffective for patients with excessive worry, many of whom meet the criteria for disorde...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Shearer S,Gordon L

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Family physicians can treat most finger fractures and dislocations, but when necessary, prompt referral to an orthopedic or hand surgeon is important to maximize future function. Examination includes radiography (oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral views) and physical examination to detect fractures. Dislocatio...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Leggit JC,Meko CJ

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To complement the 2005 Annual Clinical Focus on medical genomics, AFP is publishing a series of short reviews on genetic syndromes. This series was designed to increase awareness of these diseases so that family physicians can recognize and diagnose children with these disorders and understand the kind of care they mi...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Wattendorf DJ,Muenke M

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If current trends continue, U.S. health insurance costs will consume the average household's annual income by 2025. As health care becomes unaffordable for most people in the United States, it will be necessary to implement innovative models to move the system in a more equitable and sustainable direction. ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors：

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:At least three models have been used to project the future physician workforce, and each produces different results. No physician workforce predictions can be relied on until there is more consideration of and agreement on desired health outcomes and what physicians must do to achieve them. ...

journal_title：American family physician

authors：

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For centuries, chasteberry has been used to treat many hormone-related gynecologic conditions. The current literature supports the use of chasteberry for cyclical breast discomfort and premenstrual syndrome; data on its use for menstrual irregularities and fertility disorders are weak. Its traditional use as a galacta...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Roemheld-Hamm B

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Historically, osteopathic physicians have made an important contribution to the primary care workforce. More than one half of osteopathic physicians are primary care physicians, and most of these are family physicians. However, the proportion of osteopathic students choosing family medicine, like that of their allopat...

journal_title：American family physician

authors： Graham Center.

更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00